摘要：對于電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)來說，主(zhu)要是借助電(dian)力(li)作(zuo)為能(neng)源(yuan)，有著多方面的(de)(de)優點。但是也存在(zai)(zai)著一定(ding)的(de)(de)問(wen)題，尤其(qi)在(zai)(zai)續(xu)航能(neng)力(li)上相對較差。因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)實際工作(zuo)中(zhong)要正(zheng)確利用現代科學技(ji)術(shu)，讓(rang)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)實現智能(neng)充電(dian)。在(zai)(zai)研究中(zhong)所涉及到(dao)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)也相對較多，在(zai)(zai)這一背景的(de)(de)影(ying)響下，電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)智能(neng)充電(dian)樁(zhuang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)軟件設計與硬件結構得到(dao)了發展。本文(wen)針對電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)智能(neng)充電(dian)樁(zhuang)管理方案進(jin)行(xing)了簡要闡述，并提(ti)出幾點個(ge)人看法，僅(jin)供參考。

關鍵詞：電(dian)動汽(qi)車；智能(neng)充電(dian)樁；管理方案

1. 前言

常規的(de)(de)汽(qi)車所采用的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)能(neng)源主(zhu)要以(yi)化石(shi)燃料為(wei)主(zhu)，且在(zai)這種(zhong)燃料的(de)(de)影響(xiang)下，不僅(jin)會造成環境上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)污染，同(tong)時受到化石(shi)能(neng)源稀缺(que)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，使得資源的(de)(de)儲(chu)備量上(shang)(shang)也在(zai)逐漸減少(shao)。因此，越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)人開始將目(mu)光放在(zai)了(le)電動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)生產與研宄上(shang)(shang)。為(wei)了(le)實現節能(neng)減排的(de)(de)目(mu)標，改善地球(qiu)中的(de)(de)環境，電動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)發展己經成為(wei)了(le)必然。

二、電動汽車中充(chong)電方法與建設充(chong)電樁監(jian)控系統的(de)重要(yao)性

雖(sui)然(ran)人(ren)們(men)(men)對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)投入了(le)(le)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)度(du)，但(dan)是(shi)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)其(qi)續航(hang)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，還是(shi)要(yao)做好研究與分析工作。加(jia)之(zhi)在不便于充電(dian)(dian)等因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)，使(shi)(shi)得電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用范(fan)圍(wei)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)限制。就(jiu)目(mu)前來說，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)動(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來源上(shang)主要(yao)是(shi)從蓄電(dian)(dian)池上(shang)得到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如果電(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)低，就(jiu)需要(yao)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)，否則(ze)就(jiu)會直(zhi)接影響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能以(yi)及(ji)速度(du)等方(fang)面。現如今充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法逐漸增多，如交流充電(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)池組快速更換以(yi)及(ji)直(zhi)流快速充電(dian)(dian)等。在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)中電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量與體積相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其(qi)重要(yao)性也(ye)不言而(er)喻，因此，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)智能充電(dian)(dian)樁受(shou)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)人(ren)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)。在智能充電(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)下(xia)，可以(yi)從電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量上(shang)出發，對(dui)(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行維護，也(ye)便于用戶進(jin)行操作，從而(er)解決了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)隨(sui)時充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。

（一）充電方式

第(di)一，交流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)說，常(chang)常(chang)是(shi)(shi)采用了(le)220V或是(shi)(shi)380V的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，且在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，還會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)實(shi)現整流(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)濾波，從而保護(hu)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，實(shi)現了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標。但是(shi)(shi)對(dui)于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)來(lai)說，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間相對(dui)較(jiao)長，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)適用于(yu)小(xiao)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)以(yi)(yi)及混(hun)合式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力汽車(che)(che)。第(di)二，直流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)中(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)借助直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)來(lai)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，并不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)車(che)(che)載裝(zhuang)置等進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)調節，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)減輕了(le)汽車(che)(che)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)采取這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)運用于(yu)大型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)為這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)有著(zhu)功(gong)率大與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。第(di)三，更換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)。在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)中(zhong)要(yao)(yao)準備(bei)出(chu)兩組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，一組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)提供動(dong)(dong)力，另一組(zu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)地面(mian)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當所(suo)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力出(chu)現不足(zu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)替換為另一組(zu)，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)來(lai)縮短(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間。但是(shi)(shi)對(dui)于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)來(lai)說，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)建造出(chu)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更換站，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員來(lai)參(can)與(yu)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更換維(wei)護(hu)中(zhong)去(qu)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)投(tou)入(ru)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本，也降(jiang)低了(le)智能(neng)(neng)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。第(di)四，非接(jie)觸(chu)式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)來(lai)說，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)并不多(duo)見(jian)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)為需(xu)要(yao)(yao)特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣元件，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)還要(yao)(yao)保證與(yu)汽車(che)(che)實(shi)現即時(shi)(shi)(shi)接(jie)觸(chu)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣才能(neng)(neng)確保在(zai)汽車(che)(che)行(xing)(xing)駛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但是(shi)(shi)受到(dao)(dao)技術(shu)以(yi)(yi)及資(zi)金等方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)并沒有得到(dao)(dao)推廣。

（二）必要性

目(mu)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式上(shang)(shang)主要是采用了(le)直流與(yu)交流兩種(zhong)(zhong)，所以不論(lun)是哪一種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法，都(dou)需要建設(she)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。所以為了(le)確保實現充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)智能(neng)(neng)化，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)監控系統(tong)也(ye)要隨之建設(she)。雖(sui)然現階段電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)存在(zai)著(zhu)一定的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，但是在(zai)社會與(yu)科(ke)學技術的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發展下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)具備(bei)了(le)噪(zao)音小污染(ran)小等特點，所以也(ye)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)了(le)人們的(de)(de)(de)廣泛(fan)關注。因(yin)此，在(zai)實際(ji)工(gong)作中要做(zuo)好充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)工(gong)作，雖(sui)然這一項工(gong)作存在(zai)著(zhu)一定的(de)(de)(de)復雜性，但是也(ye)是十分必要的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速發展中，所采用的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)往往是鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，且這種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中有著(zhu)較為嚴格的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，如(ru)果不能(neng)(neng)做(zuo)好智能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)管理工(gong)作，很容(rong)易對鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產生(sheng)出較大的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)還會威(wei)脅到(dao)(dao)人們的(de)(de)(de)人身安全。

三、電(dian)動汽車充電(dian)樁監控系統(tong)

（一）可行模式

第一，建立(li)交(jiao)(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，在停(ting)車(che)場中就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以進行(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)流式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)建設工作，且在實(shi)際工作中還要(yao)保證其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在220V或(huo)是380V，主要(yao)是因為(wei)這兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)適(shi)用范圍相(xiang)對較(jiao)為(wei)廣泛。借(jie)助這些交(jiao)(jiao)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)可(ke)(ke)以對小(xiao)型(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)或(huo)是換(huan)位(wei)清潔(jie)車(che)等進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。且這一充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)優(you)勢就(jiu)是可(ke)(ke)以實(shi)現(xian)夜間充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。第二，建立(li)直流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。對于這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)來(lai)說，往往適(shi)用于大型(xing)或(huo)是公交(jiao)(jiao)車(che)聚集相(xiang)對較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)場合(he)中。在直流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)影響下，可(ke)(ke)以實(shi)現(xian)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。主要(yao)是因為(wei)這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中具(ju)備了較(jiao)大的(de)功率(lv)，但是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)運行(xing)上卻會產生相(xiang)應的(de)影響。因此(ci)，在直流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)建設的(de)過程中，要(yao)做(zuo)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)保護工作，以此(ci)來(lai)提高使用的(de)效果。

（二）主要功能

第一(yi)，APP或(huo)(huo)IC卡(ka)(ka)識別。在(zai)實際工作中就需要(yao)借助(zhu)識別APP或(huo)(huo)IC卡(ka)(ka)來激活充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁，從而實現(xian)計費上的(de)(de)(de)功能。第二，在(zai)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中，就可以(yi)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流等(deng)方(fang)面進行保(bao)護，同(tong)時(shi)也可以(yi)進行有效的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)。第三，在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中也可以(yi)對(dui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)方(fang)面進行實時(shi)監控(kong)。第四，在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中也可以(yi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池實現(xian)智能化的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護，從而延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。

四、充電樁(zhuang)智能監控系統上的設計

(一)硬件

對于充(chong)電(dian)樁來說，其電(dian)源主要(yao)是380V交流網電(dian)源，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通過(guo)對進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)整流與(yu)濾波，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)將其轉(zhuan)變為直流電(dian)源，從而對電(dian)動(dong)汽車進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)電(dian)。想要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)電(dian)，還(huan)(huan)要(yao)借助APP或IC卡進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)激活(huo)，且這(zhe)一模(mo)塊上(shang)(shang)的(de)設(she)計可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)幫助用戶激活(huo)充(chong)電(dian)樁。在(zai)(zai)APP云(yun)端或讀卡器中也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)對用戶的(de)信息(xi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)識別，從而現(xian)實(shi)出相應的(de)信息(xi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)余額(e)等。在(zai)(zai)狀態現(xian)實(shi)模(mo)塊中則可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)將充(chong)電(dian)信息(xi)顯(xian)示出來。在(zai)(zai)硬件系統中主要(yao)包含了中央主控制板(ban)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)顯(xian)示屏等設(she)備。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)建設(she)充(chong)電(dian)樁時要(yao)做好樁體材料上(shang)(shang)選擇(ze)工作，綜合好防(fang)潮與(yu)防(fang)水的(de)性能(neng)。同時還(huan)(huan)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)材料自身(shen)的(de)防(fang)水效果，這(zhe)樣(yang)才能(neng)在(zai)(zai)潮濕(shi)雨(yu)水天氣時也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)正常(chang)對電(dian)動(dong)汽車進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)充(chong)電(dian)。

1. 軟件構成

在對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，只需要對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車上的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插口(kou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，從而(er)將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁與(yu)汽(qi)車連(lian)(lian)接(jie)在一(yi)起(qi)，借助(zhu)(zhu)APP或讀卡器來對(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)識(shi)別，從而(er)可以(yi)激活充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插口(kou)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)手柄沒有連(lian)(lian)接(jie)在一(yi)起(qi)，那么就(jiu)會及(ji)時(shi)對(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)提示與(yu)報警(jing)。在識(shi)別完用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)身(shen)份以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)就(jiu)可以(yi)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)間進(jin)(jin)行(xing)選擇，明(ming)(ming)確充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)。如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)檢測不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)常，也會對(dui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)提醒與(yu)報警(jing)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁中也包含了一(yi)些會顯示給(gei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)選擇建(jian)議，且如果所選擇的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)是正(zheng)(zheng)確的(de)，那么充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁就(jiu)會正(zheng)(zheng)常的(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)工作(zuo)。在利用(yong)(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁也會顯示出用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在信息(xi)以(yi)及(ji)余額等，幫助(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)明(ming)(ming)確充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束的(de)時(shi)間。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后(hou)(hou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁也會及(ji)時(shi)提醒用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，在APP或℃卡上也會停止計費(fei)，并將(jiang)票據等打印出來，在用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)車輛離開(kai)后(hou)(hou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁就(jiu)會啟動(dong)自(zi)動(dong)鎖(suo)定，直到下一(yi)個用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁進(jin)(jin)行(xing)激活。可以(yi)說上述環節都是智能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)常使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法，所以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)要掌(zhang)握好這一(yi)內容(rong)，這樣才能更好的(de)對(dui)車輛進(jin)(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

五(wu)、安科瑞充電(dian)樁收費運營云平臺

5.1概述

AcrelCloud-9000安科(ke)瑞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁收費運(yun)營(ying)云(yun)平臺(tai)系(xi)統(tong)通(tong)(tong)過物(wu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)技術(shu)對接入系(xi)統(tong)的汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)、電(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)以(yi)及各個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁進(jin)行(xing)不(bu)間斷地數據采集和監控，實時監控充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁運(yun)行(xing)狀態，進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)服務、支(zhi)付(fu)管理，交易(yi)結算，資源(yuan)管理、電(dian)(dian)能管理、明細查詢(xun)等(deng)，同時對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機過溫(wen)保護、漏電(dian)(dian)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機輸入/輸出過壓(ya)、欠(qian)壓(ya)、絕緣低各類故障(zhang)進(jin)行(xing)預警；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁支(zhi)持以(yi)太網(wang)、4G或WIFI等(deng)方式接入互(hu)聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)，用(yong)戶通(tong)(tong)過微信、支(zhi)付(fu)寶、云(yun)閃付(fu)掃碼充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

5.2應用場合

適用于住宅小區等(deng)物業環(huan)境(jing)、各類企事(shi)業單位、醫院、景區、學校、園(yuan)區等(deng)公建、公共停(ting)車(che)場(chang)(chang)、公路充(chong)電(dian)站、公交樞紐(niu)、購物中心、商業綜(zong)合體(ti)、商業廣場(chang)(chang)、地下停(ting)車(che)場(chang)(chang)、高速服(fu)務區、公寓寫字樓等(deng)場(chang)(chang)合。

5.3系統結構

現場設備層(ceng)：連接于網絡中的(de)各類傳(chuan)感器，包括多功能電力(li)儀表、汽車(che)充(chong)電樁、電瓶車(che)充(chong)電樁、電能質量分(fen)析儀表、電氣火災探測器、限流式保護器、煙霧傳(chuan)感器、測溫(wen)裝置、智能插(cha)座、攝像頭等。

網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)通訊層(ceng)：包含(han)現場智能網(wang)(wang)關、網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)交(jiao)換機等設(she)備(bei)。智能網(wang)(wang)關主動(dong)采集現場設(she)備(bei)層(ceng)設(she)備(bei)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據，并(bing)可進行規(gui)約轉換，數(shu)(shu)(shu)據存儲，并(bing)通過網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)把數(shu)(shu)(shu)據上傳至(zhi)搭(da)建好的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據庫服務(wu)(wu)器(qi)，智能網(wang)(wang)關可在(zai)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)故障時(shi)將數(shu)(shu)(shu)據存儲在(zai)本地，待(dai)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)恢復(fu)時(shi)從中斷的(de)位置繼續上傳數(shu)(shu)(shu)據，保證服務(wu)(wu)器(qi)端(duan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據不丟失。

平臺(tai)管理(li)層：包含應(ying)用服務(wu)器和數(shu)據(ju)服務(wu)器，完(wan)(wan)成對現(xian)場所有智能設備的數(shu)據(ju)交換，可在PC端或移動端實現(xian)實時監測充(chong)電站配電系統運行狀態、充(chong)電樁(zhuang)的工作狀態、充(chong)電過程及人(ren)員(yuan)行為，并完(wan)(wan)成微信(xin)、支(zhi)(zhi)付寶在線支(zhi)(zhi)付等(deng)應(ying)用。

5.4平臺功能描述

5.4.1充電服務

充(chong)電(dian)設施搜索，充(chong)電(dian)設施查看，地圖尋(xun)址，在(zai)線自助支付充(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)結算，導航等(deng)。

5.4.2首頁總覽

總覽當日、當月開戶數(shu)(shu)、充(chong)值金(jin)額(e)、充(chong)電金(jin)額(e)、充(chong)電度數(shu)(shu)、充(chong)電次數(shu)(shu)、充(chong)電時長(chang)(chang)，累計的開戶數(shu)(shu)、充(chong)值金(jin)額(e)、充(chong)電金(jin)額(e)、充(chong)電度數(shu)(shu)、充(chong)電次數(shu)(shu)、充(chong)電時長(chang)(chang)，以及(ji)相應的環比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)和同比增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)以及(ji)樁、站分布地(di)圖導航(hang)、本月充(chong)電統計。

5.4.3交易結算

充電價(jia)格策(ce)略管(guan)理，預(yu)收費管(guan)理，賬單管(guan)理，營收和財務(wu)相(xiang)關(guan)報表。

5.4.4故障管理

故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)管(guan)理(li)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)記(ji)錄查(cha)詢(xun)、故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)處理(li)、故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)確認、故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)分析等管(guan)理(li)項，為(wei)用(yong)戶(hu)管(guan)理(li)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)和查(cha)詢(xun)提供方便。

5.4.5統計分析

統(tong)計分析(xi)支持運營(ying)趨勢分析(xi)、收益(yi)統(tong)計，方便用(yong)戶以曲線、能耗(hao)分析(xi)等分析(xi)工具(ju)，瀏覽樁的充電(dian)運營(ying)態(tai)勢。

5.4.6運營報告

按用戶周期(qi)分析汽車、電(dian)瓶(ping)車充(chong)電(dian)站、樁運(yun)行、交易、充(chong)值(zhi)、充(chong)電(dian)及報警、故障情況，形成分析報告。

5.4.7APP、小程序移動端支(zhi)持(chi)

通(tong)過(guo)模糊搜(sou)索(suo)和(he)地(di)圖搜(sou)索(suo)的(de)功(gong)能，可(ke)(ke)查詢可(ke)(ke)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)樁和(he)電(dian)(dian)站等詳(xiang)細信(xin)息。掃(sao)(sao)碼充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，在線支付:掃(sao)(sao)描充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁二維碼，完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)支付，微信(xin)支付完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)后，即(ji)可(ke)(ke)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

5.4.8資源管理

充電站檔(dang)(dang)案管(guan)(guan)理，充電樁檔(dang)(dang)案管(guan)(guan)理，用(yong)戶檔(dang)(dang)案管(guan)(guan)理，充電樁運行監測，充電樁異常交易(yi)監測。

5.5選型配置

六、結語

綜(zong)上(shang)所述可(ke)以(yi)看出，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)中智能充(chong)電(dian)樁主(zhu)要包(bao)含了直流充(chong)電(dian)樁以(yi)及交(jiao)流充(chong)電(dian)樁。尤其是(shi)對(dui)于交(jiao)流充(chong)電(dian)樁來(lai)(lai)說，要在(zai)整流與濾波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)來(lai)(lai)轉變為直流電(dian)源，從(cong)而被相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)用戶采用，但(dan)是(shi)這種充(chong)電(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)效率(lv)還是(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此，為了保證蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)充(chong)足，較(jiao)大限(xian)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)長使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命，要及時做好(hao)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)智能充(chong)電(dian)樁的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理工作，從(cong)開始到后(hou)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結束，都要實現智能化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理，盡(jin)可(ke)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)減少人(ren)員上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入，積極推廣電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)，保護好(hao)生態(tai)環境(jing)。

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